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What are drip irrigation systems and how do they promote water conservation?

By David Beaulieu, About.com

Question: What are drip irrigation systems and how do they promote water conservation?
I explain drip irrigation systems briefly below. For a fuller treatment, please consult "Drip Irrigation."
Answer: Drip irrigation system, at the most basic level, are constituted by a series of tubes that have holes opened along them at intervals. For a further description of drip irrigation systems, please continue reading....

The location of the open holes is tailored so as to irrigate most efficiently the specific garden beds in which drip irrigation systems will be buried, promoting water conservation. If you have a bed in which perennials are spaced at two-foot intervals, then there will be corresponding holes in the tubing at two-foot intervals, through which water will be discharged. You don’t waste any water with drip irrigation systems, because you’re not watering the intervening area between plants. The dripping occurs only where the plants are stationed.

Sprinklers, in contrast with drip irrigation systems, spray water into the air first, before it ever reaches the ground. Wind can carry airborne water away, distributing it elsewhere than where it was intended to go -- an inefficiency not conducive to water conservation. Drip irrigation systems preclude this unnecessary water loss by taking the water right to the roots.

Drip irrigation systems are often installed in areas in which flowers or shrubs are growing (i.e., individual elements with spaces between them), as opposed to a lawn. Drip irrigation systems allow you to target plant roots even more precisely than do sprinklers, resulting in better plant health and better water conservation.

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